USPTO Patents Application 10607046

Publication number : 2002-333635

Date of publication of application : 22.11.2002

IntCI. G02F 1/1341 G02F 1/1339

5

Application number : 2001-136039
Applicant : MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD
Date of filing : 07.05.2001
Inventor :
10 MATSUKAWA HIDEKI

YAMAMOTO YOSHINORI
SUMIDA SHIROU

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
15 AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE

[Abstract]

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To shorten the time required for pushing out a liquid
crystal for obtaining the optimum gap of a panel which is already filled with the

20 liquid crystal, in a vacuum injecting method of a liquid crystal display element.
SOLUTION: In a liquid crystal display device wherein the liquid crystal 3 is
injected into a vacant cell of the liquid crystal display element 1 having substrates
2a and 2b opposed to each other, a gap controlling member 6 for forming the gap
between the substrates 2a and 2b opposed to each other of the liquid crystal

25 display element 1 has the area density of £ 0.08% and the compression elastic

1

modulus of £ 150x9.80665x104 Pa (150 kgf/cm2). In manufacturing the liquid
crystal display device, the time required for pushing out the liquid crystal 3 before
the optimum gap is obtained after the liquid crystal 3 is injected into the vacant
cell can be shortened. In particular, the low-cost liquid crystal panel can be
5 provided by shortening lead time, the excellent quality in gap uniformity in the
panel surface is obtained and the in-panel plane shaking due to the vibration of
finished panel is reduced.

10

2

[Claims]
[Claim 1]

A liquid crystal display apparatus in which liquid crystal is injected into
empty cells of a liquid crystal display device having opposite substrates,
5 wherein an area density of a gap control member that forms a gap of the

opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display device is 0.08 % or higher, and a
compression elastic coefficient thereof is 1 50*9.80665x1 0 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or
higher.
[Claim 2]

10 The liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the gap

control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal
display device is a projection formed on a substrate.
[Claim 3]

The liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the gap
15 control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal
display device is a ball having a spherical shape.
[Claim 4]

A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display apparatus, comprising
the steps of:

20

in a state where an area density of a gap control member that forms a gap
of the opposite substrates of a liquid crystal display device is 0.08 % or higher,
and a compression elastic coefficient thereof is 150x9.80665*10 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 )
or higher, adhering the substrates to form an empty cell of the liquid crystal
2 5 display device; and

injecting liquid crystals from an inlet port of the empty cell into a vacuum
tank, and compressing the liquid crystals from the inlet port by applying pressure
of 2x9.80665x1 0 4 Pa(2kgf/cm 2 ) or less to a given gap.
[Claim 5]

5 The method according to Claim 4, wherein the gap control member forming

the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a
projection formed on a substrate.
[Claim 6]

The method according to Claim 4, wherein the gap control member forming
10 the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a ball
having a spherical shape.
[Claim 7]

A manufacturing apparatus of a liquid crystal display apparatus that
implements a manufacturing method according to any one of Claims 4 to 6.

4

[Title of the invention]

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE

5 [Detailed Description of the Invention]
[0001]

[Field of the invention]

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus and
manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing apparatus of a liquid crystal
10 display apparatus, wherein OA equipment such as a personal computer, a word
processor and a monitor display, portable information communication devices
and the like.
[0002]

[Description of the Prior Art]

15 In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, a method of

filling a liquid crystal cell with liquid crystal includes an injection method and a
dropping method. The injection method is generally used for mass production,
and includes filling liquid crystal from the inlet port of an empty cell by way of a
pressure difference and a capillary phenomenon under vacuum.

20 [0003]

FIG. 6 shows a process flowchart of a liquid crystal display device
manufactured by a conventional injection method. A liquid crystal display device
1 has a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 7. Liquid crystal 3 is intervened in
a gap between two sheets of substrates 2a and 2b having display electrodes
25 therein. Spacers 4 are dispersed to form a predetermined gap. A polarization plate

or other optical films are disposed at both sides of the two sheets of the
substrates 2a and 2b. The polarization plate can be one, two or may not be used
according to the principle method. The formed liquid crystal display device 1 is
adapted to display an image by irradiating light from an opposite side of the
5 display surface to a three-wavelength type cold cathode tube in the case of a
transmission type. Further, in the case of a reflection type, a reflection plate is
disposed at an opposite side of the display surface and external light is used. A
voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device 1, which serves as a display.
[0004]

10 A conventional manufacturing flowchart of the liquid crystal display device

1 shown in FIG. 6 will be below described. In the injection method, the substrates
2a and 2b are cleaned. An orientation film of a liquid phase is coated on the
substrates 2a and 2b by means of offset print, etc., and then undergoes a first
sintering process and a second sintering process. Then, an orientation process

15 such as rubbing is performed on the orientation film. Generally, after rubbing,
water cleaning is performed in order to remove alien substance or dirty on the
surface of the orientation film. Thereafter, a sealant 5 is coated on one of the
substrates 2a by means of a patterning apparatus or screen printing, thus forming
a seal 5. The seal pattern has at least one to five inlet ports. The inlet port is

20 generally referred to as an inlet port. Liquid crystal 3 is injected from the inlet port.
Further, in order to form a gap in the other of the substrates 2b, spacers 4 having
a predetermined size are sprayed, and both the substrates 2a and 2b are adhered
under atmosphere. In this case, the spacers 4 are generally made of organic-
based resin such as benzoguanamine, or inorganic-based resin such as Si0 2 .

25 [0005]

However, in order to control the gap of the liquid crystal display
device 1, the two sheets of the substrates 2a and 2b are pressurized by means of
air press, etc. If an optimal gap is output, the sealant 5 is hardened. At this time,
the sealant 5 of a thermosetting type is usually used. Thereafter, portions other
5 than the substrate display region are cut. This state is called an empty cell. The
empty cell becomes greater than a proper gap if it is left in the atmospheric
pressure.

[0006]

In the injection method, an aperture of an inlet port of the empty cell formed
10 thus and the liquid crystal 3 are pooled and then kept in a vacuum tank. The entire
tank is open to the atmosphere from 0.2x133.332 to 0.7x1 33.332Pa (or 0.2 to 0.7
Torr), filling the empty cell with the liquid crystal 3. The liquid crystal quantity
filled in the cell of this state exceeds an optimal quantity and the gap is also
greater than a proper value.
15 [0007]

Further, the inlet port is closed using resin, etc. The liquid crystal 3
attached to the liquid crystal display device 1 is cleaned. A re-orientation process
is performed on the liquid crystal 3 by annealing the entire liquid crystal display
device 1.
20 [0008]

[Problem(s) to be Solved by the Invention]

7

In the manufacturing method of the conventional liquid crystal display
device, the time from when an empty cell is filled with liquid crystal until when the
liquid crystal is compressed up to a proper gap is significant. The inlet port is
then sealed. If a panel size is obtained, compressing the filled liquid crystal needs
time that much. Generally, the liquid crystal panel in which the liquid crystal is
filled has a gap at the center is swollen higher than the circumference. This is due
to elastic deformation power of the spacers that are sprayed in order to form the
gap of the liquid crystal panel, and a process of hardening the seal. In order to
remove extra liquid crystal, the liquid crystal pane I in which the liquid crystal is
filled is pressurized up and down, and the liquid crystal is slowly compressed.
The reason why the liquid crystal pane I is slowly pressed is that if the pressure is
not uniform, the gap can collapse, or the liquid crystal is excessively compressed.
If the liquid crystal is excessively compressed, bubbles can enter the liquid
crystal or lots of sealing resin enters the liquid crystal. Actually, in order to
compress the liquid crystal, several tens of time is taken in a middle-size panel,
and one hour is taken in a large-size panel.
[0009]

This process tact is very difficult to lower the cost. In order to increase the
production amount, the number of equipment inevitably increases. This is a
significant problem in commercializing a liquid crystal panel.
[0010]

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal
display apparatus and manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing
apparatus of a liquid crystal display apparatus, wherein a compression time taken

8

to make a panel filled with liquid crystal become an optical gap can be shortened

in a vacuum injection method of the liquid crystal display device.

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problem]
5 In order to accomplish the above, a liquid crystal display apparatus

according to Claim 1 of the present invention is a liquid crystal display apparatus
in which liquid crystal is injected into empty cells of a liquid crystal display device
having opposite substrates in Claim 1. In this case, the area density of a gap
control member that forms a gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal
10 display device is 0.08 % or higher, and the compression elastic coefficient thereof
is 150x9.80665x10 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or higher.
[0012]

As such, the area density of a gap control member that forms a gap of the
opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display device is 0.08 % or higher, and

15 the compression elastic coefficient thereof is 1 50x9.80665x1 0 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or
higher. Accordingly, upon manufacturing of the liquid crystal display apparatus,
the time taken to compress the liquid crystal from when an empty cell is filled the
liquid crystal until when a proper gap is compressed can be shortened. More
particularly, as lead time shortens, not only a low-cost liquid crystal panel cane be

20 provided, but also the gap uniformity within the panel surface is excellent in terms
of the quality. Further, vibration within the panel surface due to vibration of a
complete panel can be improved.
[0013]

In a liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 2, the gap control
25 member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display

device is a projection formed on a substrate in Claim 1. As such, since the gap
control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal
display device is a projection formed on a substrate, it can be previously provided
in a predetermined location of the substrate upon fabrication.
5 [0014]

In a liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 3, the gap control
member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display
device is a ball having a spherical shape in Claim 1. As such, since the gap
control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal
10 display device is a ball having a spherical shape, it can be uniformly sprayed on
the substrate upon fabrication.
[0015]

A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display apparatus according to
Claim 4 includes the steps of, in a state where the area density of a gap control

15 member that forms a gap of the opposite substrates of a liquid crystal display
device is 0.08 % or higher, and the compression elastic coefficient thereof is
150x9.80665xl0 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or higher, adhering the substrates to form an
empty cell of the liquid crystal display device, and injecting liquid crystal from an
inlet port of the empty cell into a vacuum tank, and compressing the liquid crystal

20 from the inlet port by applying pressure of 2x9.80665x1 0 4 Pa(2kgf/cm 2 ) or less to a
given gap.
[0016]

As such, in a state where the area density of a gap control member that
forms a gap of the opposite substrates of a liquid crystal display device is 0.08 %
25 or higher, and the compression elastic coefficient thereof is

150x9.80665xl0 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or higher, the substrates are adhered to form an
empty cell of the liquid crystal display device, and injecting liquid crystal from an
inlet port of the empty cell into a vacuum tank, and the liquid crystal is
compressed from the inlet port by applying pressure of
5 2x9.80665x10 4 Pa(2kgf/cm 2 ) or less to a given gap. The time from when an empty
cell is filled with liquid crystal until when the liquid crystal is compressed up to a
proper gap can be shortened. Thereby, process tact for filling the liquid crystal of
the liquid crystal display device can be significantly shortened. Further, a liquid
crystal display apparatus with a high yield can be fabricated simply and by means
10 of a conventional manufacturing method. More particularly, a low-cost the liquid
crystal panel can be provided through reduction in lead time. Meanwhile, in terms
of the quality, the gap uniformity within the panel surface is good, and vibration
within the panel surface due to vibration of a complete panel is improved.
[0017]

15 In a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display apparatus according

to Claim 5, the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of
the liquid crystal display device is a projection formed on a substrate in Claim 4.
As such, since the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite
substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a projection formed on a

20 substrate, it can be provided at a predetermined location of the substrate.
[0018]

In a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display apparatus according
to Claim 6, the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of
the liquid crystal display device is a ball having a spherical shape in Claim 4. As
25 such, since the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite substrates of

the liquid crystal display device is a ball having a spherical shape, it can be evenly

sprayed on the substrate.

[0019]

In a manufacturing apparatus of a liquid crystal display apparatus
5 according to Claim 7, a manufacturing apparatus of a liquid crystal display
apparatus that implements a manufacturing method according to any one of
Claims 4 to 6. As such, since the manufacturing method according to any one of
Claims 4 to 6 is implemented, the same effects can be obtained.
[0020]

10 [Embodiment of the Invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with
reference to FIGs. 1 to 5. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display
apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0021]

15 Referring to FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display device 1 includes two sheets of

opposite substrates 2a and 2b using a glass substrate, plastic or film substrate. A
color filter 9 or a switching active element 11 such as transistor array or a
transparent electrode 8 are provided within both the substrates 2a and 2b, thus
forming a device such as a passive method, TN-TFT or IPS. Further, a seal 5 is

20 formed around the liquid crystal display device 1 and serves to seal filled liquid
crystal 3. Furthermore, a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display
device 1 according to the present embodiment is a vacuum injection method. An
inlet port is needed in the seal pattern 5. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 7 indicates
an orientation film, and 10 indicates is a black matrix.

25 [0022]

In the liquid crystal display device 1, however, the gap between the
opposite substrates 2a and 2b is formed by means of a gap control member. In
this case, in order to form a gap of about 3 to 5 [im between the substrates 2a and
2b, a projection 6 is formed on one of the substrates. In the present embodiment,
5 although the projection 6 is formed in the color filter substrate 2a, the projection 6
can be formed in any one of the substrates such as the array substrate 2b. Further,
when forming the projection 6 on one of the substrates 2a and 2b using organic
matter having a predetermined location or size, a ground area of the projection 6
and the substrate 2a becomes a square of 20 (in) x 20 p. If the pixel size is 90 urn x

10 270 |im, the projection 6 is formed in such a way that one projection 6 is disposed
every three pixel arrangements having a pitch of 90 urn. The area density of the
projection 6 becomes 0.54%. In this case, a location where the projection 6 is set
is not a transmitting pixel. A location that is flat and does not have a step is
appropriate on the black matrix (BM) 10 in the color filter substrate 2a, and on a

15 gate Wiring, capacitance and transistor in the array substrate 2b. Further, in this
case, the compression elastic coefficient of the projection 6 is

150x9.80665xl0 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or higher.
[0023]

In this case, when the area density is less than 0.08%, the gap irregularity is
20 generated, as shown in FIG. 2. This is because if the liquid crystal display device 1
is left along at a high temperature of 60°C than room temperature since the ground
area of the projection 6 is small, the liquid crystal 3 gathers at the bottom and
generates gap irregularity. Furthermore, in this case, the elastic coefficient of the
projection 6 is 150 kgf/cm 2 or higher.
25 [0024]

FIG. 3 shows a sealing process of making an optimal gap by pressurizing
the liquid crystal display device 1. In FIG. 3, a longitudinal direction axis is a cell
gap and a lateral direction is the time taken to pressurize the liquid crystal display
device 1. In the construction of the present embodiment, when comparing the
5 installation areas of 0.04% and 0.08%, a constant cell gap (e.g., 4.0 |im) can be
obtained within a short time when the projection is 0.04%, compared to when the
projection is 0.08%, as shown in FIG. 3. 0.08 [irn or more time is taken until the
liquid crystal is further compressed and reaches a stable region. As a result, the
installation area of 0.08% can shorten the time until the cell gap is stabilized,

10 compared to the installation area of 0.04%. As such, in a panel whose installation
area is small, the center of the empty cell is swollen up. In the present
embodiment, a uniform gap can be considered from the empty cell state. The time
to compress the liquid crystal 3 can be significantly shortened due to the above
effect.

15 [0025]

FIG. 4 shows a manufacturing flowchart showing according to an
embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 4, Substrates 2a and 2b are
cleaned. After an orientation film of a liquid phase is coated by means of offset
print, etc., the orientation film 7 is formed through a first sintering process and a

20 second sintering process. An orientation process is implemented by rubbing, etc.
Generally, after rubbing, in order to remove alien substance or dirty on the
surface, water washing is performed. Further, in order to form a gap on one of the
substrates 2a, a projection 6 having a predetermined size is provided at a
predetermined place, or spacers 4 are evenly sprayed, as shown in FIG. 7. A

25 condition in this case is that the area density of the projection 6 that forms the

gap or the spacers 4 is 0.08% or higher, the elastic coefficient thereof is
150kgf/cm 2 , and organic matter forming the gap employs the projection 6 formed
on the substrate or a spacer 4 having a spherical shape.
[0026]

5 A sealant 5 is coated on one of the substrates 2a by means of a patterning

apparatus or screen printing, forming a seal 5. Further, when the top and bottom
of both the substrates 2a and 2b are conductive, both the substrates 2a and 2b
are connected using conductive ink. Several inlet ports are disposed in the seal
pattern 5. The inlet port serves to inject the liquid crystal 3 through the aperture.

10 The substrates 2a and 2b are then adhered in the atmosphere. In order to control
the gap of the liquid crystal display device 1, the two sheets of the substrates 2a
and 2b are pressurized by means of air press, etc. If an optimal gap is obtained,
the sealant 5 is hardened. At Jtiis time, the thermosetting type sealant 5 is
generally used.

15 [0027]

Thereafter, portions other than the substrate display region are cut to form
an empty cell. The empty cell becomes a proper gap in the present embodiment
although it is left in the atmospheric pressure. In the injection method, the
aperture of the inlet port of the empty cell and the liquid crystal 3 are pooled and
20 left in the vacuum tank. They are then closed about 0.2 to 0.7 Torr. The entire tank
is open to the atmosphere and the empty cell is filled with the liquid crystal 3. The
liquid crystal 3 filled in the cell of this state exceeds an optimal amount, and the
gap also exceeds a proper size.
[0028]

Lastly, both sides of the liquid crystal display device 1 that is filled with the
liquid crystal 3 are pressurized to have an optimal gap. The inlet port is tightly
sealed with resin, etc. The liquid crystal 3 attached to the liquid crystal display
device 1 is cleaned. A re-orientation process is performed on the liquid crystal 3
5 by annealing the entire liquid crystal display device 1.
[0029]

In the above process, the viscosity of the filled liquid crystal 3 is generally
about 0.1 to 0.01 Pas (or several tens of cP). If a temperature is applied to the
liquid crystal 3, the viscosity lowers, but components having a volatile property
10 may scatter. Thus, it is not preferred that a temperature is applied to the liquid
crystal 3 in a common manufacturing process.
[0030]

In the present embodiment, in the method of compressing the liquid, crystal
3 filled in the liquid crystal display device 1, both sides of the liquid crystal

15 display device 1 are compressed so that they have an optimal amount, and the
gap becomes proper. In the compressing method, one side or both sides of the
liquid crystal display device 1 is compressed using silicon rubber such as balloon,
or both sides of the liquid crystal display device 1 are pressed against the base
plate using air press.

20 [0031]

As shown in FIG. 5, if the filled liquid crystal display device 1 is pressed at a
pressure of 2><9.80665x10 4 Pa(2kgf/cm 2 ) or higher, the projection 6 that is formed
under the condition in which the area density is 0.08% or higher and the elastic
coefficient thereof is 150 kgf/cm 2 or higher collapse, or the spacers 4 are broken
25 or the color filter 2a sinks. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, it is

necessary to press the liquid crystal display device 1 that is filled at a pressure

lower than 2kgf/cm 2 up to to a specific gap.

[0032]

As described above, in the present embodiment, the empty cell of the liquid
crystal display device 1 consisting of two or more sheets of the substrates 2a and
2b in which the liquid crystal 3 is filled in the vacuum tank, the area density of
organic matter or inorganic matter that forms two or more sheets of the
substrates 2a and 2b of the liquid crystal display device 1 is 0.08% or higher, and
the elastic coefficient thereof is 150 kgf/cm 2 . The organic matter forming the gap
is the projection 6 formed on the substrate 2a or the spacer (ball) 4 having a
spherical shape. Thus, in the sealing process of pressurizing the already filled
liquid crystal display device 1 to make an optical gap, the time of compressing the
liquid crystal 3 can be significantly shortened.
[0033]

Furthermore, the liquid crystal display apparatus can be fabricated by the
manufacturing apparatus of the liquid crystal display apparatus that allows the
manufacturing method to be performed.
[0034]

[Effects of the Invention]

In accordance with the liquid crystal display apparatus of Claim 1 according
to the present invention, the area density of a gap control member that forms a
gap of the opposite substrates of the liquid crystal display device is 0.08 % or
higher, and the compression elastic coefficient thereof is
150x9.80665xio 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or higher. Accordingly, upon manufacturing of
the liquid crystal display apparatus, the time taken to compress the liquid crystal

17

from when an empty cell is filled the liquid crystal until when a proper gap is
compressed can be shortened. More particularly, as lead time shortens, not only a
low-cost liquid crystal panel cane be provided, but also the gap uniformity within
the panel surface is excellent in terms of the quality. Further, vibration within the
5 panel surface due to vibration of a complete panel can be improved.
[0035]

In Claim 2, since the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite
substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a projection formed on a
substrate, it can be previously provided in a predetermined location of the
10 substrate upon fabrication.
[0036]

In Claim 3, since the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite
substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a ball having a spherical shape, it
can be uniformly sprayed on the substrate upon fabrication.
15 [0037]

In accordance with a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display
apparatus of Claim 4 according to the present invention, in a state where the area
density of a gap control member that forms a gap between the opposite
substrates of a liquid crystal display device is 0.08 % or higher, and the

20 compression elastic coefficient thereof is 1 50x9.80665x1 0 4 Pa(150kgf/cm 2 ) or
higher, the substrates are adhered to form an empty cell of the liquid crystal
display device, and injecting liquid crystal from an inlet port of the empty cell into
a vacuum tank, and the liquid crystal is compressed from the inlet port by
applying pressure of 2x9.80665x1 0 4 Pa(2kgf/cm 2 ) or less to a given gap. The time

25 from when an empty cell is filled with liquid crystal until when the liquid crystal is

compressed up to a proper gap can be shortened. Thereby, process tact for filling
the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display device can be significantly shortened.
Further, a liquid crystal display apparatus with a high yield can be fabricated
simply and by means of a conventional manufacturing method. More particularly,
5 a low-cost the liquid crystal panel can be provided through reduction in lead time.
Meanwhile, in terms of the quality, the gap uniformity within the panel surface is
good, and vibration within the panel surface due to vibration of a complete panel
is improved.
[0038]

10 In the future, it is apparent the inch size of the liquid crystal panel is large-

sized. Although the length of the time taken to compress liquid crystal becomes
problematic, and the gap uniformity becomes more difficult, the lead time can be
reduced and high quality can be obtained by the manufacturing method of the
present invention.

15 [0039]

In Claim 5, since the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite
substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a projection formed on a
substrate, it can be provided at a predetermined location of the substrate.
[0040]

20 In Claim 6, since the gap control member forming the gap of the opposite

substrates of the liquid crystal display device is a ball having a spherical shape, it
can be evenly sprayed on the substrate.
[0041]

In accordance with a manufacturing apparatus of a liquid crystal display
25 apparatus according to Claim 7 of the present invention, since the manufacturing

19

method according to any one of Claims 4 to 6 is implemented, the same effects
can be obtained.
[Description of Drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display apparatus
according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows the relation between the area density and the gap irregularity
according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows the relation between the cell gap and a pressurization time
according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 shows a manufacturing flowchart showing according to an
embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows the relation between pressurization and the gap irregularity
according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 shows a manufacturing flowchart of a conventional example.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display apparatus
according to a conventional example.
[Explanation on Numerals]

1 : Liquid crystal display device

2a, 2b: Substrate

3: Liquid crystal

4: Spacer

5: Seal

6: Projection

7: Orientation film

8: Transparent electrode

20

9: Color filter

10: Black matrix

11: Switching active element

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[0001]
[0002]

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